Gewürztraminer wine – aromatic white wine with a distinctive character
Origin and history of the Gewürztraminer grape variety
Gewürztraminer is a traditional grape variety that probably originated in the South Tyrolean wine village of Tramin. Its history dates back to the Middle Ages, and over many centuries the grape variety was cultivated under various names such as Traminer, Savagnin and Klevner. Gewürztraminer is a mutation of Savagnin blanc, one of the oldest grape varieties in Europe, whose variants have also established themselves in the French Jura (Franche-Comté), Alsace and Rhineland-Palatinate.
This grape variety is known for its characteristic aromatic properties and is considered by wine connoisseurs to be one of the most expressive varieties in the white wine spectrum. The small berries with a reddish-yellow sheen stand for intense aromas, high must weights and an unmistakable fragrance. The small berries of this grape variety are decisive for the quality and aroma of the wine.
Grape variety and its most important characteristics
Gewürztraminer belongs to the Traminer family of vines and is one of the most aromatic white wines in existence. The vine is demanding in terms of soil and location. Deep, calcareous soils with good water supply are ideal. The grape variety prefers a cool to moderate climate with sunny, wind-protected slopes.
It is characterised by low acidity, high sugar formation and an often oily texture in the glass. The aromatic nose offers notes of rose petals, lychee, nutmeg, kumquat and exotic fruits.
The optimal ripening times of the grapes are crucial for the development of these aromas. In addition, there is a strong body with plenty of extract. On the palate, a complex mouthfeel unfolds with intense spice and a long finish. Gewürztraminer wine – aroma and style
Gewürztraminer wines are characterised by a distinctive aroma, often associated with floral notes of roses and fresh lychees. These aromas are complemented by hints of tropical fruits, cloves and a touch of sweetness. Depending on the style and vinification – dry, semi-dry or noble sweet – the flavour profile varies considerably. The wine can be mineral and fresh as well as full-bodied and almost liqueur-like.
The Savagnin rose aromatique, a pink variant of the grape variety, is particularly characterised by its delicate aromas and fragrant overall impression. In Germany, this variety is known as Roter Traminer.
Growing regions and climatic conditions
Gewürztraminer is grown in many European wine regions, but its most important areas are in Alsace, South Tyrol, Switzerland and Austria. In Germany, Rhineland-Palatinate plays a particularly important role. The area under cultivation for Gewürztraminer in Germany covers several hundred hectares, with Rhineland-Palatinate playing a central role. The municipality of Tramin in South Tyrol not only gave Gewürztraminer its name, but also provided it with ideal conditions: calcareous soils, high altitudes and mild temperatures.
In France, Alsace is one of the largest growing areas in the world, with around 3,000 hectares. Here, the grape variety produces full-bodied white wines with a typical spiciness and great ageing potential. The high alcohol content of Gewürztraminer contributes to its perceived heaviness, which is reinforced by its low acidity. Gewürztraminer is also found in smaller areas in Switzerland, mainly in the climatically favourable wine regions of western Switzerland.
Gewürztraminer wines – diversity between tradition and innovation
Gewürztraminer is a grape variety with many faces. The wines produced from it range from bone dry to noble sweet. Depending on the harvest time, vinification method and origin, the wine displays very different profiles – from delicate to opulent.
Wine connoisseurs appreciate the diversity of Gewürztraminer wines and their ability to offer different flavour profiles. Gewürztraminer retains its freshness and has a firmer structure, especially at higher altitudes. In warmer areas, it gains strength, fullness and concentration, which is particularly evident in residual sweet varieties.
The varieties are also wide-ranging: whether as a still white wine, sparkling wine or Beerenauslese, this grape variety is suitable for numerous variations. In Switzerland, South Tyrol and Alsace, both classic and modern interpretations of this white wine can be found today. Some winemakers rely on ageing in steel tanks for maximum freshness, while others choose wooden barrels to gain additional complexity.
Aromatic and sensory profile
What makes Gewürztraminer special is its intense, memorable bouquet. The nose is dominated by aromas of rose petals, lychee, passion fruit, grapefruit and sometimes slightly earthy notes. These are complemented by a delicate spiciness with hints of ginger, white pepper, nutmeg and cinnamon. Depending on the vinification and vintage, honey, bitter almond or floral accents such as lavender may also come to the fore.
On the palate, the wine is usually full-bodied, with a round mouthfeel, low acidity and a soft texture. The sweetness – whether subtle or pronounced – is particularly evident in semi-dry and sweet versions. Nevertheless, Gewürztraminer always remains lively and expressive thanks to its aromatic character.
Related grape varieties
Gewürztraminer is closely related to other fascinating grape varieties such as Savagnin, Traminer and Sauvignon Blanc. Each of these varieties brings its own unique characteristics to the table, making them valuable members of the wine world.
Savagnin Rose is a special variety of Savagnin that has similar aromatic characteristics to Gewürztraminer, but with less pronounced spice. This variety captivates with its fine, subtle aromas and is particularly popular in regions such as Alsace and Franche-Comté.
Traminer, often referred to as the oldest variety of the species, is widespread in German-speaking countries. This grape variety, also known as Clevner, has an impressive aroma ranging from floral notes to exotic fruits. Traminer prefers deep, calcareous soils and thrives particularly well in cooler climates.
Another prominent relative is Sauvignon Blanc, a descendant of Savagnin. Known for its fresh and fruity aromas, Sauvignon Blanc offers lively acidity and aromas of green fruits and herbs. This grape variety has made a name for itself worldwide and is cultivated in many wine regions.
The growing conditions for these related grape varieties are similar to those for Gewürztraminer. They prefer easily warmed, deep soils with good water supply and are often demanding in terms of location. Cultivation requires a lot of experience and patience, as these grape varieties are susceptible to diseases and pests.
In the kitchen, Gewürztraminer and its relatives are versatile accompaniments. They harmonise excellently with Asian and Oriental dishes, strong cheeses, meat and poultry. Gewürztraminer, with its scent of rose petals, lychee and tropical fruits, is an ideal accompaniment to many dishes.
The origin of Gewürztraminer and its relatives is not exactly clear, but it is believed that they originate from the area between the German Rhineland-Palatinate, Alsace, Jura, Franche-Comté and Champagne-Ardenne. These regions offer ideal conditions for growing these aromatic grape varieties.
Overall, Gewürztraminer and its related grape varieties are a group of wines known for their aromatic and fruity character. They are ideal for producing white wines and are often used in cooking as an accompaniment to many dishes.
Gewürztraminer and food – creative combinations
Gewürztraminer white wine is exceptionally versatile when paired with food. Dry varieties go well with Asian cuisine, such as dishes with Thai curry, lemongrass, ginger or sesame. The wine is also an exciting accompaniment to Indian cuisine with lentil dishes, cumin and coriander.
Sweeter Gewürztraminer wines harmonise with strong cheeses such as Roquefort, blue cheese or mature Munster. The wine is also ideal with goose liver, terrines or desserts based on vanilla, honey or white peach. Exotic combinations with fruits such as mango, pineapple or kumquat also bring out its strengths.
Gewürztraminer provides a harmonious counterbalance to classics such as onion tart, smoked fish or duck breast with orange sauce. If you are feeling adventurous, you can even serve it with spicy meat dishes or Moroccan tagines.
Drinking temperature, glass selection and storage
Gewürztraminer should be drunk slightly chilled – temperatures between 8 and 10 degrees Celsius are ideal. At this temperature, the aroma and flavour unfold optimally without the sweetness becoming overpowering. If served too cold, the wine loses its expression; if served too warm, it quickly becomes overpowering.
For optimal enjoyment, a bulbous glass that tapers slightly towards the top is recommended.
This allows the intense bouquet to be perceived in a concentrated form. The shelf life depends on the style: dry Gewürztraminers should be drunk within three to five years. Winemakers invest a great deal of patience and experience in the development of Gewürztraminer to ensure its optimal shelf life. Noble sweet varieties, on the other hand, can easily mature for a decade or more, depending on the vinification and vintage.
International significance and distribution
Gewürztraminer is now found in many countries. In addition to the classic growing regions in South Tyrol, Alsace, Germany and Austria, the grape variety is also gaining importance overseas. In New Zealand, Canada and the USA, fresh interpretations with a more tropical, fruity profile are emerging. Experiments are also being conducted in Chile, South Africa and Australia, mostly at high altitudes or in regions with a cooler microclimate.
In Switzerland, Gewürztraminer is mainly found in Valais, Vaud and in individual communities in German-speaking Switzerland. The wines produced there are characterised by a good balance between fruit, freshness and fullness.
Frequently asked questions (FAQ) about Gewürztraminer wine
What kind of wine is Gewürztraminer?
Gewürztraminer is an aromatic white wine made from the grape variety of the same name. The grape is characterised by its reddish-yellow berries and intense aromas. It is distinguished by floral and exotic aromas, particularly of roses, lychee and spices.
Is Gewürztraminer sweet?
Gewürztraminer can be dry, semi-dry or sweet. This aromatic grape variety is often vinified with residual sugar, which further enhances the impression of sweetness.
When should Gewürztraminer be drunk?
Gewürztraminer is best enjoyed with spicy dishes, Asian cuisine or strong cheeses.
It is also excellent as an aperitif or with fruity desserts.
What is the difference between Gewürztraminer and Muscat?
Both are aromatic white wines, but Gewürztraminer has more intense rose notes and more exotic fruit. Muscat is often fresher, lighter and has a more pronounced nutmeg flavour.
How old can a Gewürztraminer be?
Dry Gewürztraminers should be drunk within 3 to 5 years. Noble sweet versions can mature significantly longer, sometimes over 10 years.
Is Gewürztraminer a good wine?
Yes, Gewürztraminer is considered by connoisseurs to be a high-quality white wine with a distinctive profile. It goes well with creative cuisine and impresses with its unique aromas.