Sparkling wines – The sparkling world of elegance and variety
Sparkling wines are among the most versatile drinks in the world of wine and delight with their refreshing perlage and unmistakable aromas. Whether Champagne, Prosecco, Crémant, Sekt or Cava – each growing region and each grape variety brings its own special features, which ensure a unique taste experience. Switzerland is an up-and-coming region in the production of high-quality sparkling wines, which are strongly influenced by the specific environmental conditions and the terroir.
The history of sparkling wine – from ancient times to the modern day
Sparkling wine has a long tradition that goes back to ancient times. Even the ancient Romans and Greeks experimented with carbonation in wine. However, today's sparkling wine production began in France in the 17th century, when monks like Dom Pérignon developed methods to preserve the carbonation in the bottle. In particular, the Champagne region shaped modern sparkling wine production with the Méthode Traditionnelle, which is known worldwide for its quality and sophistication.
Production methods – the diversity of sparkling wine production
There are three main methods of sparkling wine production, each of which produces a distinct character. Dedicated winemakers play a crucial role, using their expertise and the quality of the grapes to create unique sparkling wines:
- Méthode Traditionnelle (traditional method): the carbonation occurs during a second fermentation directly in the bottle. This process is used for Champagne, Crémant and Franciacorta and results in a fine perlage and complex aromas of yeast, citrus and brioche.
- Méthode Charmat: the wine ferments in large pressurised tanks before being bottled. This process is typical for Prosecco and produces fresh and fruity sparkling wines with a lively character.
- Méthode Rurale (Ancestrale): This rare method dispenses with a second fermentation. The must is bottled with a natural residual sugar content, resulting in a rustic and slightly sweet sparkling wine.
Champagne, Prosecco, Crémant & Co. – The variety of sparkling wines
Not all sparkling wines are the same. The names of the different types of sparkling wine emphasise their origin and reputation, with countries such as Germany and Switzerland having made a name for themselves in sparkling wine production. Depending on the region of origin and production method, different varieties are created:
- Champagne: The king of sparkling wines comes exclusively from the Champagne region of France. It is produced using the traditional method and may only be made from Chardonnay, Pinot Noir and Pinot Meunier. Its elegance and longevity make it the first choice for festive occasions.
- Prosecco: A popular Italian sparkling wine made predominantly from the Glera grape. Prosecco is characterised by its light perlage and aromas of apple, pear and citrus.
- Crémant: This French sparkling wine is also made using the traditional method, but comes from regions outside of Champagne, such as Alsace or the Loire.
- Cava: A Spanish sparkling wine that comes mainly from Catalonia and impresses with its delicate balance of fruit and acidity.
- Sekt: The German classic is made from a variety of grape varieties and offers a wide range of options from dry to sweet.
How to store and serve sparkling wines
To preserve their quality and freshness, sparkling wines should be stored in a cool, dark place. The ideal serving temperature is between 6 and 10 °C. For the best taste experience, it is recommended to chill the bottle in an ice bucket just before serving.
Sweetness levels – from Brut Nature to Doux
The taste of a sparkling wine is significantly influenced by the dosage, i.e. the addition of sugar. The categories differ depending on the degree of sweetness:
- Brut Nature: extremely dry with 0–3 g of sugar per litre.
- Extra Brut: dry with up to 6 g of sugar.
- Brut: the classic, pleasantly dry with 6–12 g of sugar.
- Extra Dry: Slightly sweet with 12–17 g sugar.
- Demi-Sec: Distinctly sweet with 32–50 g sugar.
- Doux: With the character of dessert wine with over 50 g sugar.
Sparkling wine and food – perfect pairings
Thanks to their versatility, sparkling wines go well with a wide range of dishes:
- Aperitif: light, dry sparkling wines such as Crémant or Prosecco are ideal with snacks and canapés.
- Starters: a dry sparkling wine or champagne goes perfectly with seafood, sushi or salads.
- Main courses: full-bodied varieties such as Cava or Franciacorta complement poultry, veal or spicy pasta dishes.
- Desserts: off-dry to sweet sparkling wines such as Moscato d'Asti go exceptionally well with fruity desserts.
Designations of origin and quality
Designations such as AOC (France), DOCG (Italy) or DO (Spain) guarantee the origin and quality of a sparkling wine. These standards regulate growing areas, grape varieties and production methods, so you can always rely on a high-quality product.
The role of grapes – a variety of flavours
The choice of grape variety is crucial for the flavour profile of a sparkling wine. Classic grapes such as Chardonnay, Pinot Noir or Glera bring elegance and freshness to the glass, while more exotic varieties such as Riesling or Chenin Blanc offer an exciting alternative.
Sparkling wine production in different countries
- France: The home of Champagne and Crémant, known for the highest quality and traditional production.
- Italy: Prosecco, Franciacorta and Moscato are synonymous with variety and enjoyment.
- Spain: Cava offers excellent value for money.
- Germany: Sekt is impressive with a wide range from dry to sweet. Sparkling wines can be enjoyed not only on festive occasions, but also in everyday life, creating special moments and awakening positive emotions that almost make us want to cry.
Why sparkling wine is ideal for every occasion
Whether it's a birthday, a wedding or an evening with friends – sparkling wine adds a special touch to every moment. Its sparkling lightness and fine perlage make it the perfect companion for social occasions.
With a wide range of sparkling wines, from award-winning champagnes to charming prosecco varieties, you are sure to find the right tipple for every taste. Sparkling wine is not just a drink, but an expression of joie de vivre and style – a tribute to the beautiful moments in life.
Useful information about sparkling wine
Here you will find answers to frequently asked questions about sparkling wine.
Are sparkling wine and Sekt the same thing?
No. The most popular sparkling wine in Germany is called Sekt. Young bulk wines, known as base wines, are used to make it. Yeast cells and sugar are added to these base wines. They are then left to ferment for at least six months, during which the carbonic acid is produced that makes the sparkling wine so fizzy.
What else do you call sparkling wine?
There are many varieties of sparkling wine internationally: Crémant, Sekt, Prosecco and Cava. But for champagne, a special rule applies worldwide and also in France itself: only sparkling wine that comes from the Champagne region may call itself ‘champagne’.
What is the difference between sparkling wine and semi-sparkling wine?
The main difference between sparkling wine and semi-sparkling wine is the carbon dioxide content. Sparkling wine contains more carbon dioxide than semi-sparkling wine, and it is even allowed to add it afterwards. The pressure in the bottle must be at least 3 bar for sparkling wine, while it must not be higher than 2.5 bar for semi-sparkling wine.
How is sparkling wine made?
All sparkling wines undergo a second fermentation. To achieve this, a mixture of sugar and yeast, known as tirage liqueur, is added to the finished base wine. This mixture is also known as ‘liqueur de tirage’ and is essential for the start of the second fermentation in the bottle. The yeast then converts the sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide, just as it does during the first fermentation.