California

California wine region – The shining soul of American viticulture

An overview of the California wine region

The California wine region is considered the heart of American viticulture and produces over 90 per cent of all wines in the United States. Between the north and south of the state lies a fascinating wine landscape that is exceptionally diverse in terms of both scenery and climate.

From the cool fog of the Pacific coast to the sun-drenched valleys of the hinterland, it encompasses the entire spectrum of a modern wine-growing region that combines quality, innovation and tradition. With around 4,000 wineries and over 200,000 hectares of vineyards, California accounts for by far the largest share of American wine production.

California's wine culture is characterised by a pioneering spirit and a willingness to experiment. It combines European roots with the distinctive style of the West – and this is reflected in the wide range of grape varieties, wine styles and growing regions.

History and development of viticulture

The history of viticulture in California dates back to the 18th century, when Spanish missionaries planted the first vines along the west coast. The missions thus laid the foundation for a wine tradition that has continued to evolve.

In the 19th century, European immigrants brought new grape varieties from Italy, France and Germany, making California the most dynamic wine-growing region in the country. However, this development was severely hampered by Prohibition from 1919 to 1933.

After this period of stagnation, a new era began. Modern wineries focused on quality, research and the division into so-called American Viticultural Areas (AVAs) – protected designations of origin that today define the character of the individual regions. California quickly established itself at the forefront of the international wine world.

Climate, soils and geographical diversity

California's climate is as diverse as its landscape. The state stretches more than 1,200 kilometres along the Pacific coast, and the differences between north and south, west and east, are considerable.

On the coast, the cold Humboldt Current has a cooling effect on the vineyards, while in the hinterland, hot summers and large temperature differences between day and night promote the ripening of the grapes. The soils range from volcanic rock to clay and limestone to sandy sediments – ideal conditions for different grape varieties and wine styles.

This diversity allows for an extraordinary range of products – from powerful red wines to elegant white wines and fragrant rosés.

An overview of California's sub-regions

Napa Valley – California's most famous wine country

Napa Valley is probably the best-known wine-growing region in the USA and a symbol of luxury and quality. Numerous renowned vineyards are lined up along a stretch of only about 70 kilometres.

The Mediterranean climate with warm days and cool nights creates ideal conditions for the ripening of Cabernet Sauvignon – probably the most important grape variety in the region. However, Merlot, Zinfandel and Sauvignon Blanc also have their place here.

Napa Valley is synonymous with wines of expression, depth and harmony – the result of a perfect balance between nature, climate and human skill.

North Coast – The cradle of top wines

The North Coast is one of California's most famous wine-growing regions and includes several outstanding areas, including Napa Valley and Sonoma Valley. This is where most of the premium production is concentrated, and the wineries enjoy an international reputation.

The climate is influenced by the Pacific Ocean, with cool nights and sunny days. Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay in particular thrive here. The wines are characterised by density, structure and complexity, while Pinot Noir in the cooler locations produces elegant, aromatic results.

The North Coast is synonymous with top-quality Californian wines that combine both traditional and modern styles.

Sonoma Valley – authenticity and balance

West of Napa Valley lies Sonoma Valley, which is characterised by cooler, wetter weather and a diverse microclimate.

This is where delicate, aromatic wines are produced – Pinot Noir and Chardonnay in particular are among the strengths of this region. Sonoma Valley is often referred to as the ‘authentic sister’ of Napa Valley because it is less glamorous but all the more down-to-earth and traditional.

The wineries focus on sustainability and quality – values that characterise California's wine culture.

Central Coast – diversity along the coast

The Central Coast is one of California's largest wine regions, stretching from San Francisco to Los Angeles. It includes well-known areas such as Monterey, Santa Barbara and Paso Robles.

The climate varies greatly between cool coastal areas and hot valleys in the hinterland. Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Syrah and Sauvignon Blanc thrive here in exceptional quality.

The Central Coast is home to creative winemakers who experiment with new methods and create wines with a clear origin and personality. It is considered a region where the future of Californian viticulture is particularly innovative.

Central Valley – The heart of production

The Central Valley lies east of the Coast Ranges and stretches over 600 kilometres along the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys.

It is California's most productive wine-growing region and accounts for the lion's share of the state's total wine production. The climate is warm, dry and sunny, ideal for large-scale viticulture and robust grape varieties such as Zinfandel and Cabernet Sauvignon.

This region primarily produces full-bodied wines with ripe fruit and a higher alcohol content – typical representatives of the powerful American style.

South Coast – Wine culture in southern California

The South Coast around Los Angeles, Santa Barbara and San Diego is the historic centre of early Californian viticulture.

Although the area is smaller than the northern regions, the South Coast has a long history. Mediterranean influences and calcareous soils allow the cultivation of Mediterranean grape varieties, which display their own sunny character here.

Chardonnay and Syrah in particular reflect the modern style of the south – juicy, aromatic and impressively full-bodied.

Sierra Foothills – high altitudes and old vines

In eastern California, on the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada, lies the Sierra Foothills wine region. It is characterised by small, family-run wineries, steep vineyards and ancient Zinfandel vines.

The high altitudes between 500 and 1,100 metres ensure cool nights and slow ripening of the grapes. The resulting red wines have depth, spice and a pronounced minerality – a real treasure for wine lovers.

The Sierra Foothills show that California is much more than just Napa and Sonoma – it is a land full of hidden treasures.

Wine and food – a symphony of flavours

California wines are the perfect accompaniment to a wide variety of dishes – from American cuisine to Mediterranean classics.

A robust Cabernet Sauvignon harmonises with beef, lamb and spicy stews. Its dark fruit and fine tannins complement grilled meat, truffle dishes or mature cheese.

A fresh Chardonnay goes well with seafood, pasta with lemon butter or roasted poultry. Pinot Noir unfolds its elegance with veal fillet, tuna or mushroom risotto. Sauvignon Blanc is the ideal partner for sushi, asparagus, goat's cheese and summer salads.

Typical American dishes such as BBQ, burgers or mac and cheese take on a new dimension with a fruity Zinfandel. Californian wines are universal – they combine the creativity of the New World with the food culture of Europe.

Frequently asked questions (FAQ) about the California wine region

What is the name of the Californian region famous for its wine growing?

Napa Valley in northern California is world-renowned for its high-quality wines and is one of the most important wine regions in the world.

Where is wine grown in California?

Wine is grown along the entire Pacific coast – from the North Coast to the Central Valley to the South Coast around Los Angeles and San Diego.

What is California's wine capital?

The city of Napa in Napa Valley is considered California's wine capital, while Sonoma and San Francisco are important cultural centres of wine culture.

Where is wine grown in the USA?

Most American wine comes from California, but states such as Oregon, Washington and New York are also important wine-growing regions.